Improvement in cements and in



JAMES MCKENZIE 8L J. MONROE STEBBINS.

VImprovemenr in Cement with appliances for preparing and using the same.

No. 121,118, Y Patented 110v.21,1871. IL1.

UNITED STATEs PATENT OrEroE.

JAMES MOKENZIE AND J. MONROE STEBBINS, OF PHILADELPHIA, PA.

IMPROVEMENT IN CEIVIENTS AND IN APPLIANCES FOR PREPARING AND USING THE SANIE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 121,118, dated November 21, 1871.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, JAMES MCKENZIE and J. MONROE STEBBINS, of the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented certainlmprovements in Oements andAppliances for preparing and using the same, of whichthe following is a specifcation,wherein the letters and figures in the specification refer to and correspond with the letters and figures on the drawing.

The drawing represents the principal implements used for mixing and applying the cement, in which Plate l, Figure l, represents a portable furnace or chamber A, within which the tar used in the cement is prepared, and affords, also, room fora chamber, B, within which the roller used in smoothing and tempering the cement is heated. G shows the door of this chamber opened for the admission of the roller D. d is a pipe for forming a flue and draught for the chamber B. E is the kettle within the chamber of the furnace in which the tar is prepared. H is a tall smoke-stack or chimney, with a joint at f for the lowering of the portion H while in transita or notin use. D shows the roller within the chamber B, with its handle z' projecting outward through an orifice in the door, all of which is so constructed as to be readily transported on wheels or'runners. O is an arched heater or inverted pan, on the exterior surface of which the sand and other ingredients used in and about the cement may be dried or warmed, as occasion requires. erepresents its smoke-pipe or iiue. Fig. 2 represents a portable mill for mixing the ingredients comprising the cement, wherein J is a cylinder, with an outer covering, R, either partial or complete, so constructed as to form a space within which hot water or other appliances may be used for conveying heat to the contents of the cylinder. The mixing is accomplished by the arms L attached to the shaft K, rotated by the sweep M, or by a hand-wheel crank and gear. The false bottorn or inclined door O is used to conduct the mixture to the discharge-orifice N when the shaft and cylinder are used vertically. This is so constructed as to be readily transported on wheels or runners. Fig. 3 represents a portable heater, which can be readily moved about by hand, and comprises afurnace, P, and heating-pan Q. Plate 2 is a ground plan, showing the relative positions of the mill J, the furnace A, and heater O when in use, wherein the mill J is represented as temporarily secured m situ by crotched stakes or pins at the several corners driven in the ground.

An important part of this invention consists in the use of a compound composed substantially as follows: Coarse sharp sand, twelve parts; ashes, four parts; tar, four parts; cement, one part; resin, one-sixth part; but the use ofthis compound is of little value only as the diiferent ingredients are properly selected, carefully prepared, mixed, and put down. Parts of them are to be warmed and dried, and difference in their quality as to being coarse or fin e, moist or dry and thermal or barometrical conditions of the atmosphere areto be observed, so that a uniform degree of temperature in the various parts of the compound shall be maintained until the cement is finally laid down and rolled. One important feature of this invention is in the use of decarbonized tar with theparts of the compound, substantially as described. Tar in its crude state possesses good adhesive and cementingproperties, butis subj ect to seriously objectionable changes at different periods of the temperature ofthe atmosphere. To avoid this, tar for use in cements has been boiled and resinhasbeen added to give its desired densityin warm weather; but this entails upon it a brittleness which is effected by frosts and broken by heavy weights. We have found that our decarbonizing process produces inthe tar a flexible gummy consistency, and is not subject to material change from ordinary changes of the temperature.

We do not claim originality in the use ofthe separate ingredients of this compound, for they, with many others of like character, have been used for years in the formation of cements for walks and roads; but as the mode of preparing them and uniformity in the temperature and consistency in the compound when put down are of such great importance, it is necessary to prepare it at as conveniently accessible a point as possible to the place where it is to be used. Hence the importance ofthe use ofthe appliances hereinbefore described. The preparation of the tar produces a dense black offensive smoke, which, without the use ofthe close furnace and elevated smoke-stack, as described, would be an intolerable nuisance in the streets -of any densely populous district. lt is important that there be a certain uniformity and expedition in the mixing of the compound 5 hence the value of the mill, as described. And in order to impart a peculiar vitality to this compound,` so important to its subsequent utility, it is necessary that every facility and convenience be aiforded in the various operations attending its preparation; hence the value of the convenient and economic arrangement of the various appliances, as described on the ground plan of Plate 2 of the drawing accompanying this specification. The value of these appliances and their arrangement are additionally enhanced by the facility afforded for laying down compounds composed in part of hydraulic cements, which are so much injured by the disturbance and rearrangement of their particles after the hydraulic cement has once set. In the processof rolling the surface of this cement it is found that small patches are frequently met with that are slightly depressed below the surface of the surrounding grade. A thin iilm or coating of finely-prepared cement applied just at this time to such depression would remedy that which would otherwise become a serious defect in the work. By the use of the portable hand furnace, surmounted by the shallow pan in which the proper mixture is kept hot, and always at hand ready for use, this important object is attained.

This compound is valuable for use in roofing; also for ioors, walks, roadways, &c.; and by the use of coloring matter properly combined with the body of the cement, or with a surface-dressing, a variety of tints maybe given to it, by which it will bebeautied and adorned equal to that of any other style or form of cement in use.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The composition of sand, ashes, decarbonized tar, hydraulic cement, and resin in about the proportions and for the purpose specified, and to be called or known as Paris cement.

2. The portable furnace A, provided with kettle E and tilting smoke-stack H, substantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The portable hand-heater, Fig. 3, composed or furnace P and receptacle Q, combined as and for the purpose specified.

4. A closed chamber or receptacle, B, in combination with the roller D, as and for the purposes specified.

5. The furnace A, provided with compartment B and kettle E, as and for the purpose specilied.

6. The portable mill, composed of the jacketed cylinder J, in combination with revolving shaft K, dashers L, and inclined ioor O, as and for the purpose specified.

JAMES MOKEN ZIE. J. MONROE STEBBINS.

Witnesses J. L. BERRIDGE, 

